THE BLACK INDIAN LEGACY:

THE QUEST FOR FREEDOM, SELF-DETERMINATION,

 RESPECT, AND JUSTICE

By Dr. Rufus O. Jimerson

CONTENTS

            Preface.... i

1. The Struggles of Native American, Maroon (Runaway Slave), and Afro-      Indian Communities Against Enslavement in Antebellum Florida.... 1 
2. The Legacy of Fort Negro: The Influence and Leadership of Runaway   Slaves in the Seminole Resistance Against American Slavery and       Encroachment.... 28
3. The Influence of Black Seminoles in Calling for, Leading, and Sustaining the War in Florida, 1816-1858.... 49
4. The Second Afro-Seminole War.... 87
5. Black Indians and the “Trail of Tears”.... 108
6. Winning the West and Our Hidden Heritage, 1840s-1880s .... 127
7. Reconstruction, Jim Crow, and Dawes Divide .... 144
8. The Tulsa Holocaust of 1921 and the Case for Reparations .... 165
9. Unrest and Wartime Heroics, 1941-1945 .... 185
10. Postwar Oppression, the Civil Rights Struggle, Black Indian Heroes, Dawes Challenges, and Setbacks .... 206
11. Pay to Play, Hegemony, Fraud, Collusion, Poverty, Myths, and Retribution .... 232
12. Reclaiming the Legacy: Answers for the Millennium ... 253